请求的信息
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术语和定义
可访问性 is purposeful design and delivery of products so that all people can use them regardless of disability or ability. The ease of use should be equivalent for all people.
教学的可访问性 is the process of intentionally creating educational content that removes barriers which prevent students from accessing content fully.
残疾的社会模式 is a difference deriving from the interaction between an individual and society. The remedy for disability-related problems is a change in the interaction between the individual and society.
世界各地的残疾
联合国
- 估计1人.3 billion people experience significant disability. This represents 16% of the world’s population, or 1 in 6 of us.
- Health inequities arise from unfair conditions faced by persons with disabilities, 包括耻辱, 歧视, poverty, exclusion from education and employment, and barriers faced in the health system itself.
在美国的残疾.S.
美国人口普查数据
- 大约13.4% of the US population identifies as having a disability as of 2022
- Of the population 16 and older, approximately 28.1% of people with a disability are employed versus approximately 67.6%的无残疾人士.
- About half of the general population aged 25 to 44 is married, compared to just over one third of people with a disability.
美国司法部:
- Persons with disabilities were victims of 26% of all nonfatal violent crime, while accounting for about 12% of the population.
- The rate of violent victimization against persons with disabilities (46.2 per 1,000 age 12 or older) was almost four times the rate for persons without disabilities (12.千分之三).
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Adults aged 18 years and older with disabilities are less likely to have completed high school compared to their peers without disabilities (22.3%比10%.1%).
- People with disabilities are more likely to have income of less than $15,000 compared to people without disabilities (22.3%比7%.3%).
密歇根州立大学丹佛分校的残疾人
只有8个左右.86% of 密歇根州立大学丹佛 students are registered for accommodations with the Access Center, 远低于13.4% and 16% estimates by the US Census and the UN. What could account for this disparity?
Each 可访问性 Coordinator in the Access Center is responsible for, 平均, 约373名学生.
The 2021 MSU 丹佛气候调查:
- Of respondents who identified as having a disability, those who strongly agreed or agreed that they feel welcome on campus:
- 大约48%的教职员工
- 约63%的员工
- 大约71%的学生
- Regarding “employees with a disability are well-represented on our shared governance committees/groups:”
- Only about 20% of faculty and 27% of staff agree or strongly agree
通用学习设计(UDL)
UDL is a framework to guide the design of instructional goals, 评估, methods, and materials that focus on 3 principles for effective design:
- 参与，提供以下选项:
- 招聘感兴趣
- 持续的努力和坚持
- 自律
- Representation, by providing options for:
- 感知
- 语言和符号
- 理解
- Action and Expression, by providing options for:
- 身体动作
- 表达与沟通
- 执行功能
你能做些什么?!
- Honor intersectionality: ableism interlocks with other systems of oppression; it can’t be addressed in isolation
- Educate yourself: learn about different disabilities and the different people who have led the disability movement.
- 书推荐: 残疾的可见性 (爱丽丝Wong)
- Adjust your language: much of our language marginalizes people with disability. Learn which terms are harmful and avoid them.
- Be an ally: Remember that accessibility is a civil rights issue
在课程中建立可访问性!
It is much more efficient to build accessibility from the beginning of course design (as opposed to remediating later), so we encourage all faculty to work on making all new materials accessible, as well as going back and checking existing material as you have time.
Remember that 教学的可访问性 can help students access your course content regardless of any status of disclosure of disability.
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参考文献
- CAST, UDL指南， http://udlguidelines.cast.org/
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- 皇冠体育官网2021年气候调查，
http://ymcc.ngskmc-eis.net/diversity/campus-climate/ - 联合国: http://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities.html
- 美国人口普查局， http://data.census.gov/
- US Dept. 公正: http://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/capd0919st.pdf